RPCEdge transaction landing benchmark

leader-paced-2026-07-02T081336.539Z

Leader-paced mainnet transactions submitted through rpcedge-quic-frankfurt. Landing proof is matched by transaction signature. The primary latency clock is the earliest observed stream event; processed metadata is used for block position.

artifact leader-paced-2026-07-02T081336.539Zgenerated 2026-07-02T09:59:08.907ZPolicy comparison Tail events Unobserved

Observed caller signatures536 / 54398.71% matched

First-observed p50119.805rpcedge_deshred

First-observed p90278.606tail-weighted landing clock

First-observed p991649.936tail inspection starts here

Unobserved signatures7submitted but not found in landing streams

Same-slot observed509 / 95.0%landed in sender-observed slot

Landed slot delta p900landed slot minus send slot

Avg landed spend5166.759base + priority + observed route tip

Route-tip sigs observed44only observed tips count as spend

Methodology

What was sentMemo-free self-transfer with compute budget instructions. Fees and route tips are read from signed transaction metadata and observed route-tip signatures.

Landing clockLatency uses the first matched observation across configured streams. Usually this is SubscribeDeshred; processed is used when it is first or only.

Block positionTransaction index comes from Yellowstone processed metadata, because deshred observations normally do not carry canonical block index.

What ACK meansACK is retained only as a sender diagnostic. It is not leader admission, not landing proof, and not used as the product latency claim.

Generated only from local benchmark artifacts. Leader metadata comes from saved getLeaderSlots snapshots captured during the run; no ClickHouse or private database join is required.

Warning: This artifact used route-dependent priority fees. Treat it as a cost-aware route-strategy comparison, not a fee-neutral transport isolation run.

Cost Summary

Base and priority fees come from the signed caller transaction. Route-tip generated spend comes from route-result ACKs. Route-tip landed spend counts only route-tip signatures observed by the matched streams.

Submitted txs	Avg base fee	Avg priority fee	Avg tx fee	Avg route tip generated	Avg route tip landed	Avg total generated	Avg total landed	Generated tip txs	Landed tip txs
543	5000.000	82.044	5082.044	543.278	84.715	5625.322	5166.759	295	46

Landing Observations

Landing latency uses the earliest observation per transaction across configured streams. Processed metadata is not forced to be the timing source; it is used for transaction index when available.

First source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms	same-slot	slot delta p50	slot delta p90	slot index p50
`rpcedge_deshred`	536	119.805	278.606	1649.936	3246.342	509 / 95.0%	0	0	-

Unobserved Signatures

Submitted caller signatures that were not observed by the configured landing streams during the collection window. This is the investigation bucket for probable drops, very late landings beyond the observation tail, or observation-path misses. Full signatures and route ACKs live in the unobserved artifact.

Signature	Arm	Routes	Send slot	Send leader	Send client	Provider ACK	Route ACKs	Total generated spend
`4YAaBpDH...yqD84CEX`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430268860	GYx8kpp7SsRwtQEEsGQjAxb4hFMMmT91kFJuDeky3YGQ (Tokyo)	HarmonicAgave	accepted 1.381ms	`tpu_quic:ok:2us`	5000
`4srVVJTc...3qdAYnfr`	`software_client_aware`	`tpu_quic+harmonic_bundle`	430268860	GYx8kpp7SsRwtQEEsGQjAxb4hFMMmT91kFJuDeky3YGQ (Tokyo)	HarmonicAgave	accepted 1.430ms	`tpu_quic:ok:3us \| harmonic_bundle:ok:295us`	5198
`t4yYWkZz...569NpUnY`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430268888	Fc6NNdS2j3EmrWbU6Uqt6wsKB5ef72NjaWfNxKYbULGD (Asia/Singapore)	AgaveBam	accepted 0.416ms	`tpu_quic:ok:10us`	5000
`42TF5DLx...LSdjSE7D`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269080	Fc6NNdS2j3EmrWbU6Uqt6wsKB5ef72NjaWfNxKYbULGD (Asia/Singapore)	AgaveBam	accepted 2.303ms	`tpu_quic:ok:4us`	5000
`4QviUaXc...RZLjBBVt`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269304	8T8AJfUCXwPFwEMmjca8gCRSktPrqbUBVa6ggNyhLhFJ (Asia/Hong_Kong)	AgaveBam	accepted 0.345ms	`tpu_quic:ok:11us`	5000
`Pr6g4T4S...EwvQtHhx`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269348	Fc6NNdS2j3EmrWbU6Uqt6wsKB5ef72NjaWfNxKYbULGD (Asia/Singapore)	AgaveBam	accepted 2.093ms	`tpu_quic:ok:2us`	5000
`3551ESkH...eCJhExXX`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269376	Fc6NNdS2j3EmrWbU6Uqt6wsKB5ef72NjaWfNxKYbULGD (Asia/Singapore)	AgaveBam	accepted 1.917ms	`tpu_quic:ok:5us`	5000

Leader Cohorts

Cohorts are grouped by the scheduled/landed leader metadata captured from getLeaderSlots. They are useful for tail hunting, not as final claims from a 5-minute smoke.

`leader_region`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`Europe`	`rpcedge_deshred`	332	90.516	258.238	1698.471	3246.342
`AsiaPacific`	`rpcedge_deshred`	57	238.975	467.943	756.022	756.022
`UsEast`	`rpcedge_deshred`	54	146.722	261.187	1657.687	1657.687
`Unknown`	`rpcedge_deshred`	51	112.409	496.976	603.986	603.986
`UsCentral`	`rpcedge_deshred`	27	145.828	256.806	422.027	422.027
`UsWest`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	166.892	192.517	192.523	192.523

`leader_city`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`Frankfurt am Main`	`rpcedge_deshred`	95	102.822	258.238	3053.767	3053.767
`Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	93	99.726	259.433	3246.342	3246.342
`City of London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	54	76.925	117.876	124.353	124.353
`Tokyo`	`rpcedge_deshred`	28	278.606	503.606	756.022	756.022
`Vilnius`	`rpcedge_deshred`	27	65.878	113.835	113.882	113.882
`London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	24	436.345	455.778	461.378	461.378
`Asia/Singapore`	`rpcedge_deshred`	23	199.249	467.943	469.248	469.248
`Chicago`	`rpcedge_deshred`	21	145.828	254.493	254.511	254.511
`Ashburn`	`rpcedge_deshred`	18	135.745	186.006	186.015	186.015
`Beauharnois`	`rpcedge_deshred`	18	134.360	538.451	538.457	538.457
`Stockholm`	`rpcedge_deshred`	18	38.860	228.021	228.026	228.026
`Boardman`	`rpcedge_deshred`	12	166.879	169.178	169.185	169.185
`Rödelheim`	`rpcedge_deshred`	9	32.262	66.834	66.834	66.834
`America/Chicago`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	256.806	422.027	422.027	422.027
`Dublin`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	106.021	106.033	106.033	106.033
`Frankfurt`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	25.254	30.203	30.203	30.203
`Luxembourg`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	184.105	221.196	221.196	221.196
`New York`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	136.403	139.998	139.998	139.998
`Newark`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	175.880	1657.687	1657.687	1657.687
`Ogden`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	205.898	205.909	205.909	205.909
`Sterling`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	224.947	224.959	224.959	224.959
`America/Toronto`	`rpcedge_deshred`	3	364.256	579.565	579.565	579.565
`Asia/Dubai`	`rpcedge_deshred`	3	162.131	162.137	162.137	162.137
`Aubervilliers`	`rpcedge_deshred`	3	36.348	36.354	36.354	36.354

`data_center_key`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`20326-DE-Frankfurt am Main`	`rpcedge_deshred`	53	108.627	261.547	1732.301	1732.301
`20326-NL-Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	45	99.721	479.542	3246.342	3246.342
`399460-GB-City of London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	27	45.279	62.962	62.978	62.978
`400963-GB-Europe/London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	21	436.353	455.778	461.378	461.378
`20326-JP-Tokyo`	`rpcedge_deshred`	19	249.847	503.635	756.022	756.022
`16125-LT-Vilnius`	`rpcedge_deshred`	18	63.937	113.871	113.882	113.882
`16276-CA-Beauharnois`	`rpcedge_deshred`	18	134.360	538.451	538.457	538.457
`20326-GB-City of London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	18	107.871	124.344	124.353	124.353
`214159-SE-Stockholm`	`rpcedge_deshred`	18	38.860	228.021	228.026	228.026
`14618-US-Ashburn`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	132.201	146.727	146.732	146.732
`204770-US-Chicago`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	170.695	254.506	254.511	254.511
`396356-DE-Frankfurt am Main`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	91.731	124.923	124.933	124.933
`396356-SG-Asia/Singapore`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	165.010	225.090	469.248	469.248
`7979-NL-Europe/Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	234.701	264.400	264.406	264.406
`9002-DE-Frankfurt am Main`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	108.729	151.507	151.513	151.513
`16509-US-Boardman`	`rpcedge_deshred`	12	166.879	169.178	169.185	169.185
`16125-LT-Europe/Vilnius`	`rpcedge_deshred`	9	66.159	72.852	72.852	72.852
`20326-NL-Europe/Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	9	67.699	140.507	140.507	140.507
`262287-NL-Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	9	105.443	123.064	123.064	123.064
`395201-DE-Rödelheim`	`rpcedge_deshred`	9	32.262	66.834	66.834	66.834
`396356-GB-City of London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	9	88.652	94.715	94.715	94.715
`45102-SG-Asia/Singapore`	`rpcedge_deshred`	8	319.476	467.958	467.958	467.958
`16276-DE-Frankfurt`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	25.254	30.203	30.203	30.203
`18450-US-Ogden`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	205.898	205.909	205.909	205.909

`client_family`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`bam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	185	113.882	265.795	503.635	756.022
`jito`	`rpcedge_deshred`	111	76.096	361.270	538.457	603.986
`harmonic`	`rpcedge_deshred`	91	114.698	457.535	3246.342	3246.342
`frankendancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	68	174.034	451.226	1732.301	1732.301
`rakurai`	`rpcedge_deshred`	39	91.731	134.375	579.565	579.565
`agave`	`rpcedge_deshred`	27	162.543	228.005	228.026	228.026
`firedancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	117.961	123.382	123.388	123.388

`client_software`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`AgaveBam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	185	113.882	265.795	503.635	756.022
`JitoLabs`	`rpcedge_deshred`	111	76.096	361.270	538.457	603.986
`HarmonicAgave`	`rpcedge_deshred`	79	108.639	266.214	601.372	601.372
`Frankendancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	68	174.034	451.226	1732.301	1732.301
`Rakurai`	`rpcedge_deshred`	39	91.731	134.375	579.565	579.565
`Agave`	`rpcedge_deshred`	27	162.543	228.005	228.026	228.026
`Firedancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	117.961	123.382	123.388	123.388
`HarmonicFrankendancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	12	243.355	3053.767	3246.342	3246.342

`stake_bucket`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`>=1m_sol`	`rpcedge_deshred`	362	113.871	266.225	1649.936	1732.301
`100k_500k_sol`	`rpcedge_deshred`	105	165.000	361.288	538.457	3246.342
`500k_1m_sol`	`rpcedge_deshred`	48	109.782	180.279	3053.767	3053.767
`<100k_sol`	`rpcedge_deshred`	21	137.103	225.063	469.248	469.248

Tail Events

Slowest first-observed caller transactions. Timing uses the first stream observation; transaction index uses processed metadata when available. Full signatures and CSV/JSON live in the tail artifact.

Signature	Source	Latency ms	Arm	Routes	Send slot	Send leader	Send client	Landed slot	Landed leader	Landed client	Tx index	Tx fee	Route tip gen	Route tip landed	Total landed
`5FNHSdwA...syDCQY4y`	`rpcedge_deshred`	3246.342	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269324	BiGcsiuFCLuiTzXoQgfLdge9sfpwr55YzdT8Kp7bCXmS (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	430269327	BiGcsiuFCLuiTzXoQgfLdge9sfpwr55YzdT8Kp7bCXmS (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	1408	5000	0	0	5000
`3JawZMcJ...jyjxczkS`	`rpcedge_deshred`	3053.767	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269300	BUokhb8pPF9MZuzW3rHLr6jzakgcz3NDq2PZkpiVv3jb (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicFrankendancer	430269303	BUokhb8pPF9MZuzW3rHLr6jzakgcz3NDq2PZkpiVv3jb (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicFrankendancer	2156	5000	0	0	5000
`Arbrrbx9...UqCrFq8N`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1732.301	`software_client_aware`	`tpu_quic+jito_bundle`	430269304	8T8AJfUCXwPFwEMmjca8gCRSktPrqbUBVa6ggNyhLhFJ (Asia/Hong_Kong)	AgaveBam	430269308	EvnRmnMrd69kFdbLMxWkTn1icZ7DCceRhvmb2SJXqDo4 (Frankfurt am Main)	Frankendancer	475	5000	1000	1000	6000
`5hPYY38s...AYGVN26Y`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1698.471	`always_race`	`tpu_quic+jito_bundle+harmonic_bundle`	430269304	8T8AJfUCXwPFwEMmjca8gCRSktPrqbUBVa6ggNyhLhFJ (Asia/Hong_Kong)	AgaveBam	430269308	EvnRmnMrd69kFdbLMxWkTn1icZ7DCceRhvmb2SJXqDo4 (Frankfurt am Main)	Frankendancer	424	5198	1000	1000	6198
`5sLXeyiu...ruJrLdbP`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1657.687	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269420	J6etcxDdYjPHrtyvDXrbCkx3q9W1UjMj1vy1jBFPJEbK (Newark)	HarmonicFrankendancer	430269423	J6etcxDdYjPHrtyvDXrbCkx3q9W1UjMj1vy1jBFPJEbK (Newark)	HarmonicFrankendancer	1477	5000	0	0	5000
`4LZNJgNA...SCjJGHbd`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1649.936	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269036	pSoLoZx55zZz61gjxSTwHtwTg4yTwdm7ruBmyjbYgT2 (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	430269039	pSoLoZx55zZz61gjxSTwHtwTg4yTwdm7ruBmyjbYgT2 (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	1499	5000	0	0	5000
`4okRmedH...3xFZ61D9`	`rpcedge_deshred`	927.217	`software_client_aware`	`tpu_quic+harmonic_bundle`	430269036	pSoLoZx55zZz61gjxSTwHtwTg4yTwdm7ruBmyjbYgT2 (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	430269038	pSoLoZx55zZz61gjxSTwHtwTg4yTwdm7ruBmyjbYgT2 (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	148	5198	0	0	5198
`4rGaQtxh...dKhEJKoY`	`rpcedge_deshred`	756.022	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430268988	5EhGYUyQNrxgUbuYF4vbL2SZDT6RMfhq3yjeyevvULeC (Tokyo)	AgaveBam	430268990	5EhGYUyQNrxgUbuYF4vbL2SZDT6RMfhq3yjeyevvULeC (Tokyo)	AgaveBam	23	5000	0	0	5000
`4A41qaub...PcQ33ECe`	`rpcedge_deshred`	603.986	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269004	Ninja1spj6n9t5hVYgF3PdnYz2PLnkt7rvaw3firmjs (Vancouver)	JitoLabs	430269005	Ninja1spj6n9t5hVYgF3PdnYz2PLnkt7rvaw3firmjs (Vancouver)	JitoLabs	748	5000	0	0	5000
`s1EMnoZ1...wkfccjgc`	`rpcedge_deshred`	601.372	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269224	GoeW4aFK4dGoekJySgUynWDxBZiQJqm8GDAF4H53tDK9 (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	430269225	GoeW4aFK4dGoekJySgUynWDxBZiQJqm8GDAF4H53tDK9 (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	98	5000	0	0	5000
`3XtpTpkx...NcXxaN37`	`rpcedge_deshred`	584.280	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430268960	GoeW4aFK4dGoekJySgUynWDxBZiQJqm8GDAF4H53tDK9 (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	430268961	GoeW4aFK4dGoekJySgUynWDxBZiQJqm8GDAF4H53tDK9 (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	77	5000	0	0	5000
`61x8WQL2...fi7qY9EP`	`rpcedge_deshred`	579.565	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430269480	8tjFeSApQ85ThoQXT28acfF2KUfQr3TvTdirSkzNnYC7 (America/Toronto)	Rakurai	430269481	8tjFeSApQ85ThoQXT28acfF2KUfQr3TvTdirSkzNnYC7 (America/Toronto)	Rakurai	686	5000	0	0	5000

Sender ACK diagnostics

ACK confirms that the relay accepted or rejected the request. It is useful for route availability and gateway health debugging, but it is not landing proof and is not used as a performance target.

Provider	Policy	Routes	Count	Accepted	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`always_race`	`tpu_quic,jito_bundle,harmonic_bundle`	181	181	1.629	2.322	5.486	10.254
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`software_client_aware_harmonic`	`tpu_quic,harmonic_bundle`	31	31	1.191	1.762	2.088	2.088
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`software_client_aware_jito`	`tpu_quic,jito_bundle`	101	101	1.842	2.557	6.405	16.857
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`software_client_aware_jito_harmonic`	`tpu_quic,jito_bundle,harmonic_bundle`	13	13	1.658	2.346	2.352	2.352
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`software_client_aware_tpu_only`	`tpu_quic`	36	36	0.671	1.431	2.108	2.108
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	181	181	1.294	2.215	2.699	2.929