RPCEdge transaction landing benchmark

leader-paced-2026-07-03T041112.334Z

Leader-paced mainnet transactions submitted through rpcedge-quic-frankfurt. Landing proof is matched by transaction signature. The primary latency clock is the earliest observed stream event; processed metadata is used for block position.

artifact leader-paced-2026-07-03T041112.334Zgenerated 2026-07-03T04:21:23.529ZPolicy comparison Tail events Unobserved

Observed caller signatures543 / 55897.31% matched

First-observed p50262.739rpcedge_deshred

First-observed p90585.660tail-weighted landing clock

First-observed p992066.279tail inspection starts here

Unobserved signatures15submitted but not found in landing streams

Same-slot observed377 / 70.1%landed in sender-observed slot

Landed slot delta p901landed slot minus send slot

Avg landed spend5160.057base + priority + observed route tip

Route-tip sigs observed22only observed tips count as spend

Methodology

What was sentMemo-free self-transfer with compute budget instructions. Fees and route tips are read from signed transaction metadata and observed route-tip signatures.

Landing clockLatency uses the first matched observation across configured streams. Usually this is SubscribeDeshred; processed is used when it is first or only.

Block positionTransaction index comes from Yellowstone processed metadata, because deshred observations normally do not carry canonical block index.

What ACK meansACK is retained only as a sender diagnostic. It is not leader admission, not landing proof, and not used as the product latency claim.

Generated only from local benchmark artifacts. Leader metadata comes from saved getLeaderSlots snapshots captured during the run; no ClickHouse or private database join is required.

Warning: This artifact used route-dependent priority fees. Treat it as a cost-aware route-strategy comparison, not a fee-neutral transport isolation run.

Cost Summary

Base and priority fees come from the signed caller transaction. Route-tip generated spend comes from route-result ACKs. Route-tip landed spend counts only route-tip signatures observed by the matched streams.

Submitted txs	Avg base fee	Avg priority fee	Avg tx fee	Avg route tip generated	Avg route tip landed	Avg total generated	Avg total landed	Generated tip txs	Landed tip txs
558	5000.000	86.581	5086.581	725.806	73.477	5812.387	5160.057	405	41

Landing Observations

Landing latency uses the earliest observation per transaction across configured streams. Processed metadata is not forced to be the timing source; it is used for transaction index when available.

First source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms	same-slot	slot delta p50	slot delta p90	slot index p50
`rpcedge_deshred`	538	262.739	585.660	2066.279	6367.252	377 / 70.1%	0	1	-
`rpcedge_processed`	5	216.102	453.157	453.157	453.157	4 / 80.0%	0	1	661

Unobserved Signatures

Submitted caller signatures that were not observed by the configured landing streams during the collection window. This is the investigation bucket for probable drops, very late landings beyond the observation tail, or observation-path misses. Full signatures and route ACKs live in the unobserved artifact.

Signature	Arm	Routes	Send slot	Send leader	Send client	Provider ACK	Route ACKs	Total generated spend
`3EErVxvo...8Budqsk5`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430446892	A1vqhA2fS6K7CvHsJKX1ACcHJFEmyRg4KuR5pctHANy4 (Amsterdam)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (0.368-251.173ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:9us`	5000
`3TYauNxe...bfVt7CiM`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430446992	C1ocKDYMCm2ooWptMMnpd5VEB2Nx4UMJgRuYofysyzcA (New York)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (250.569-251.899ms)	`-`	5000
`4JaxgEpP...WVUt6SYk`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447028	BtsmiEEvnSuUnKxqXj2PZRYpPJAc7C34mGz8gtJ1DAaH (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (250.749-251.144ms)	`-`	5000
`35GgAPCM...QAjgG6W2`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447032	GoeW4aFK4dGoekJySgUynWDxBZiQJqm8GDAF4H53tDK9 (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (131.082-251.552ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:11us \| tpu_quic:ok:9us`	5000
`51mXskhq...SsqKS7d8`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447076	9UM8wQ8F5oMiRcP5YdqD6Lr4krpBWCD8LtgQYoisJd9i (City of London)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (251.024-251.472ms)	`-`	5000
`2iCUwHp2...WzvYFwo1`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447148	q9XWcZ7T1wP4bW9SB4XgNNwjnFEJ982nE8aVbbNuwot (Frankfurt am Main)	Rakurai	3/3 accepted (136.964-251.686ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:1us`	5000
`2J9ymMQB...nSENCNrE`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447160	Hz5aLvpKScNWoe9YZWxBLrQA3qzHJivBGtfciMekk8m5 (City of London)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (0.430-251.597ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:11us`	5000
`3XKfAk8g...uA7XGa69`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447200	CW9C7HBwAMgqNdXkNgFg9Ujr3edR2Ab9ymEuQnVacd1A (City of London)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (219.593-251.347ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:7us`	5000
`2eU7ox48...wM9zwNPJ`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447212	JUPiTERrZqgf1jUyR7dSkhMx4Kn2qJyekWsg3LT1h4b (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (250.602-251.460ms)	`-`	5000
`3YP6tzMv...qdgbxYt6`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447216	ANC1u9sY36q3mi2MyVhtz71un8yLgTsFBUuyLcSPzKsk (Tsuen Wan)	JitoLabs	3/3 accepted (0.294-251.717ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:8us \| tpu_quic:ok:7us`	5000
`2YEbVJX7...LDhp6Hsu`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447220	RNXnAJV1DeBt6Lytjz4wYzvS3d6bhsfidS5Np4ovwZz (Prague)	Frankendancer	3/3 accepted (0.575-219.884ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:12us \| tpu_quic:ok:10us \| tpu_quic:ok:13us`	5000
`5hJtzCAa...5oGy57dG`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447264	G1bLKfyNm7zsmmYEL9dyxBvMtxpFcwy2s84bHDj2ZFUY (São Paulo)	Rakurai	3/3 accepted (0.396-251.610ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:9us`	5000
`4NdKqUPv...GBiTDH3q`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447268	q9XWcZ7T1wP4bW9SB4XgNNwjnFEJ982nE8aVbbNuwot (Frankfurt am Main)	Rakurai	3/3 accepted (250.947-251.757ms)	`-`	5000
`41F1h4Xf...9SUtu9oH`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447332	BtsmiEEvnSuUnKxqXj2PZRYpPJAc7C34mGz8gtJ1DAaH (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (0.378-250.750ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:8us \| tpu_quic:ok:6us`	5000
`24J7fzHi...7hoeznD3`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447620	CW9C7HBwAMgqNdXkNgFg9Ujr3edR2Ab9ymEuQnVacd1A (City of London)	HarmonicAgave	3/3 accepted (130.179-252.268ms)	`tpu_quic:ok:8us \| tpu_quic:ok:9us`	5000

Leader Cohorts

Cohorts are grouped by the scheduled/landed leader metadata captured from getLeaderSlots. They are useful for tail hunting, not as final claims from a 5-minute smoke.

`leader_region`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`Europe`	`rpcedge_deshred`	328	255.580	492.758	2066.279	3249.993
`UsCentral`	`rpcedge_deshred`	52	284.927	1523.956	6367.252	6367.252
`UsEast`	`rpcedge_deshred`	49	311.708	566.226	608.669	608.669
`Unknown`	`rpcedge_deshred`	47	295.137	1545.408	1916.359	1916.359
`AsiaPacific`	`rpcedge_deshred`	42	423.070	1591.615	1795.339	1795.339
`UsWest`	`rpcedge_deshred`	20	375.908	1741.771	1814.347	1814.347
`Europe`	`rpcedge_processed`	4	216.102	453.157	453.157	453.157
`AsiaPacific`	`rpcedge_processed`	1	232.407	232.407	232.407	232.407

`leader_city`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	130	246.693	971.535	3241.785	3249.993
`Frankfurt am Main`	`rpcedge_deshred`	106	243.118	466.315	1729.424	1858.702
`America/Chicago`	`rpcedge_deshred`	30	274.047	479.566	1577.985	1577.985
`Ashburn`	`rpcedge_deshred`	24	319.704	574.814	608.669	608.669
`London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	24	420.767	505.277	2066.279	2066.279
`Tokyo`	`rpcedge_deshred`	23	438.627	1610.737	1795.339	1795.339
`Chicago`	`rpcedge_deshred`	18	394.651	4739.359	6367.252	6367.252
`Dublin`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	276.282	1539.890	1541.377	1541.377
`City of London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	14	419.827	455.085	516.482	516.482
`Los Angeles`	`rpcedge_deshred`	14	400.014	1741.771	1814.347	1814.347
`New York`	`rpcedge_deshred`	13	311.708	425.031	566.226	566.226
`Singapore`	`rpcedge_deshred`	13	409.789	436.067	1688.653	1688.653
`Vilnius`	`rpcedge_deshred`	11	265.897	310.080	511.652	511.652
`Beauharnois`	`rpcedge_deshred`	10	333.222	1705.900	1705.900	1705.900
`Luxembourg`	`rpcedge_deshred`	10	260.398	1642.913	1642.913	1642.913
`Rödelheim`	`rpcedge_deshred`	8	277.792	475.356	475.356	475.356
`Vancouver`	`rpcedge_deshred`	7	390.137	1916.359	1916.359	1916.359
`Asia/Singapore`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	422.899	425.675	425.675	425.675
`Boardman`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	166.631	375.908	375.908	375.908
`Fechenheim`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	335.295	335.541	335.541	335.541
`Stockholm`	`rpcedge_deshred`	5	154.106	341.838	341.838	341.838
`São Paulo`	`rpcedge_deshred`	5	230.223	495.734	495.734	495.734
`Dallas`	`rpcedge_deshred`	4	570.904	1738.793	1738.793	1738.793
`Paris`	`rpcedge_deshred`	4	479.130	1715.662	1715.662	1715.662

`data_center_key`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`20326-NL-Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	71	249.007	971.535	3249.993	3249.993
`20326-DE-Frankfurt am Main`	`rpcedge_deshred`	47	243.118	325.587	1858.702	1858.702
`20326-JP-Tokyo`	`rpcedge_deshred`	17	441.819	1650.226	1795.339	1795.339
`7979-NL-Europe/Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	17	240.101	1647.573	1692.931	1692.931
`9002-DE-Frankfurt am Main`	`rpcedge_deshred`	16	105.704	280.241	1725.749	1725.749
`14618-US-Ashburn`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	318.367	574.814	599.466	599.466
`20326-IE-Dublin`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	276.282	1539.890	1541.377	1541.377
`204770-US-Chicago`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	436.589	4739.359	6367.252	6367.252
`396356-DE-Frankfurt am Main`	`rpcedge_deshred`	15	270.936	474.845	1729.424	1729.424
`20326-US-America/Chicago`	`rpcedge_deshred`	14	279.736	1523.956	1577.985	1577.985
`400963-GB-Europe/London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	14	433.428	446.972	2066.279	2066.279
`59642-NL-Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	13	242.092	1657.972	1706.228	1706.228
`1072-US-America/Chicago`	`rpcedge_deshred`	11	129.460	437.184	457.710	457.710
`16276-CA-Beauharnois`	`rpcedge_deshred`	10	333.222	1705.900	1705.900	1705.900
`20326-GB-City of London`	`rpcedge_deshred`	10	427.148	516.482	516.482	516.482
`396356-US-Los Angeles`	`rpcedge_deshred`	10	392.346	1741.771	1741.771	1741.771
`7979-LU-Europe/Luxembourg`	`rpcedge_deshred`	10	260.398	1642.913	1642.913	1642.913
`213896-DE-Frankfurt am Main`	`rpcedge_deshred`	9	116.173	438.269	438.269	438.269
`396356-US-Ashburn`	`rpcedge_deshred`	9	330.608	608.669	608.669	608.669
`16125-LT-Vilnius`	`rpcedge_deshred`	8	301.826	511.652	511.652	511.652
`262287-NL-Amsterdam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	8	114.008	427.817	427.817	427.817
`395201-DE-Rödelheim`	`rpcedge_deshred`	8	277.792	475.356	475.356	475.356
`6939-CA-Vancouver`	`rpcedge_deshred`	7	390.137	1916.359	1916.359	1916.359
`16509-US-Boardman`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6	166.631	375.908	375.908	375.908

`client_family`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`bam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	182	263.922	566.226	4739.359	6367.252
`jito`	`rpcedge_deshred`	120	250.451	590.248	1741.771	1916.359
`harmonic`	`rpcedge_deshred`	110	353.879	1539.890	3241.785	3249.993
`frankendancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	65	255.571	446.972	2066.279	2066.279
`rakurai`	`rpcedge_deshred`	39	239.143	1545.416	1705.900	1705.900
`agave`	`rpcedge_deshred`	12	166.631	375.900	375.908	375.908
`firedancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	10	117.628	1692.931	1692.931	1692.931
`bam`	`rpcedge_processed`	2	232.407	232.407	232.407	232.407
`frankendancer`	`rpcedge_processed`	2	216.102	216.102	216.102	216.102
`jito`	`rpcedge_processed`	1	453.157	453.157	453.157	453.157

`client_software`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`AgaveBam`	`rpcedge_deshred`	182	263.922	566.226	4739.359	6367.252
`JitoLabs`	`rpcedge_deshred`	120	250.451	590.248	1741.771	1916.359
`HarmonicAgave`	`rpcedge_deshred`	94	310.339	509.094	1541.377	1541.377
`Frankendancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	65	255.571	446.972	2066.279	2066.279
`Rakurai`	`rpcedge_deshred`	39	239.143	1545.416	1705.900	1705.900
`HarmonicFrankendancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	13	431.413	3241.785	3249.993	3249.993
`Agave`	`rpcedge_deshred`	12	166.631	375.900	375.908	375.908
`Firedancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	10	117.628	1692.931	1692.931	1692.931
`HarmonicFiredancer`	`rpcedge_deshred`	3	1610.737	1650.226	1650.226	1650.226
`AgaveBam`	`rpcedge_processed`	2	232.407	232.407	232.407	232.407
`Frankendancer`	`rpcedge_processed`	2	216.102	216.102	216.102	216.102
`JitoLabs`	`rpcedge_processed`	1	453.157	453.157	453.157	453.157

`stake_bucket`

Value	Source	Count	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`>=1m_sol`	`rpcedge_deshred`	350	264.324	576.020	1916.359	3249.993
`100k_500k_sol`	`rpcedge_deshred`	112	257.639	536.343	4739.359	6367.252
`500k_1m_sol`	`rpcedge_deshred`	56	277.487	1591.615	3241.785	3241.785
`<100k_sol`	`rpcedge_deshred`	20	249.226	425.129	429.910	429.910
`>=1m_sol`	`rpcedge_processed`	4	216.102	453.157	453.157	453.157
`500k_1m_sol`	`rpcedge_processed`	1	232.407	232.407	232.407	232.407

Tail Events

Slowest first-observed caller transactions. Timing uses the first stream observation; transaction index uses processed metadata when available. Full signatures and CSV/JSON live in the tail artifact.

Signature	Source	Latency ms	Arm	Routes	Send slot	Send leader	Send client	Landed slot	Landed leader	Landed client	Tx index	Tx fee	Total landed
`3Szn39fw...C9ojQo5t`	`rpcedge_deshred`	6367.252	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430446884	XkCriyrNwS3G4rzAXtG5B1nnvb5Ka1JtCku93VqeKAr (Amsterdam)	HarmonicAgave	430446900	F6kVwubXEfZZo6e4Kozrtg7WoWk5wTRmrC8pwoxSLa7S (Chicago)	AgaveBam	494	5000	5000
`5SUUoofN...cUtiUTa5`	`rpcedge_deshred`	4739.359	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430446888	qZMH9GWnnBkx7aM1h98iKSv2Lz5N78nwNSocAxDQrbP (Bratislava)	AgaveBam	430446900	F6kVwubXEfZZo6e4Kozrtg7WoWk5wTRmrC8pwoxSLa7S (Chicago)	AgaveBam	493	5000	5000
`pVFrJK85...H7FQG4er`	`rpcedge_deshred`	3249.993	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447280	CW9C7HBwAMgqNdXkNgFg9Ujr3edR2Ab9ymEuQnVacd1A (City of London)	HarmonicAgave	430447287	pSoLoZx55zZz61gjxSTwHtwTg4yTwdm7ruBmyjbYgT2 (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	1361	5000	5000
`58GNyz2C...wHy4ygRt`	`rpcedge_deshred`	3241.785	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447596	84gC25fbFKYueR9WEfreUysk1n3ZFxLFDDjbyqeqGpoW (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	430447599	84gC25fbFKYueR9WEfreUysk1n3ZFxLFDDjbyqeqGpoW (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	1786	5000	5000
`4SPsUUxk...HLZmBDQR`	`rpcedge_deshred`	3098.579	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447096	7EzbSahSfSjeRexHcNDLDpzHBAGBLjLKtjbmuoQnEtjE (America/Chicago)	AgaveBam	430447103	pSoLoZx55zZz61gjxSTwHtwTg4yTwdm7ruBmyjbYgT2 (Amsterdam)	HarmonicFrankendancer	1336	5000	5000
`5TFoHFMB...ZC8rgdMg`	`rpcedge_deshred`	2066.279	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447152	CAo1dCGYrB6NhHh5xb1cGjUiu86iyCfMTENxgHumSve4 (America/Chicago)	HarmonicAgave	430447156	9eGrDohdNTAo61DRHyfMuqKWXqYnA3i254Wiszxe8FoY (London)	Frankendancer	1116	5000	5000
`4A7hGfkL...Bio6bYqm`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1916.359	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447192	FNKgX9dYUhYQFRTM9bkeKoRpsyEtZGNMxbdQLDzfqB8a (Amsterdam)	HarmonicAgave	430447196	Ninja1spj6n9t5hVYgF3PdnYz2PLnkt7rvaw3firmjs (Vancouver)	JitoLabs	621	5000	5000
`3AFQVaGn...HnNegLxd`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1858.702	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447476	JUPiTERrZqgf1jUyR7dSkhMx4Kn2qJyekWsg3LT1h4b (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	430447480	EvnRmnMrd69kFdbLMxWkTn1icZ7DCceRhvmb2SJXqDo4 (Frankfurt am Main)	Frankendancer	938	5000	5000
`3bJEd5sB...q7mtz5ZU`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1827.424	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430446936	CAo1dCGYrB6NhHh5xb1cGjUiu86iyCfMTENxgHumSve4 (America/Chicago)	HarmonicAgave	430446940	9UbU7oaVXX6t7bMthxzzGPnWumFNxoWqUwX3qsrxb4pp (London)	Frankendancer	744	5000	5000
`2TyDYSi4...ajTGrnDc`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1814.347	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447528	q9XWcZ7T1wP4bW9SB4XgNNwjnFEJ982nE8aVbbNuwot (Frankfurt am Main)	Rakurai	430447532	7PpXQgDb9eCHN1Uudgi77Wm89cRz4T85YgDw83qvaJXd (Los Angeles)	AgaveBam	449	5000	5000
`2dEWKdEZ...rgCqTk4V`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1795.339	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447380	FNKgX9dYUhYQFRTM9bkeKoRpsyEtZGNMxbdQLDzfqB8a (Amsterdam)	HarmonicAgave	430447384	5EhGYUyQNrxgUbuYF4vbL2SZDT6RMfhq3yjeyevvULeC (Tokyo)	AgaveBam	158	5000	5000
`5hwMgxdv...MP3qrTzL`	`rpcedge_deshred`	1741.771	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	430447272	5ZqveVffQPiUbkjBg4KD9kib1MKHLqiFno4ke9jSq9qk (Frankfurt am Main)	HarmonicAgave	430447276	9rkJMARqK6VBkcxGfKBAwnA44gPAfGxPbPsfsggFNDSQ (Los Angeles)	JitoLabs	146	5000	5000

Sender ACK diagnostics

ACK confirms that the relay accepted or rejected the request. It is useful for route availability and gateway health debugging, but it is not landing proof and is not used as a performance target.

Provider	Policy	Routes	Count	Accepted	Errors	p50 ms	p90 ms	p99 ms	max ms
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`always_race`	`tpu_quic,jito_bundle,harmonic_bundle`	558	392	166	251.422	251.967	252.284	252.468
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`software_client_aware_harmonic`	`tpu_quic,harmonic_bundle`	135	135	0	251.237	252.115	252.362	252.413
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`software_client_aware_jito`	`tpu_quic,jito_bundle`	300	298	2	251.342	251.908	252.248	252.270
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`software_client_aware_jito_harmonic`	`tpu_quic,jito_bundle,harmonic_bundle`	39	34	5	251.417	251.952	252.283	252.283
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`software_client_aware_tpu_only`	`tpu_quic`	84	84	0	0.941	220.063	220.957	220.957
`rpcedge-quic-frankfurt`	`tpu_quic_only`	`tpu_quic`	558	558	0	250.825	251.829	252.248	252.478