solana-tx-bench · raw evidence

quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z

Leader-paced mainnet transactions submitted through rpcedge-quic-frankfurt. Landing evidence comes from signatures observed on RPCEdge SubscribeDeshred and Yellowstone processed streams. Provider ACK is retained for diagnostics, but it is not treated as landing latency.

Reviewed RPCEdge report · Methodology · Run it yourself

Observed signatures

2121 / 2202

Success ratio

96.32%

Deshred p50

104.0ms

Deshred p90

374.9ms

Processed p90

375.4ms

Slot offset p90

Block index p90

978

Route ACK p50

0.010ms

Methodology

What was sent

Transaction shape: compute budget instructions plus a memo-free self-transfer.
Compute unit limit: 660.
Priority fee: 0 micro-lamports/CU.
Duration: 3600 seconds, leader-paced.

How landing is measured

submit_to_deshred: gateway receive timestamp to first deshred stream observation.
submit_to_processed: gateway receive timestamp to Yellowstone processed transaction metadata.
landed_slot_delta: landed slot minus sender-observed slot at submission.
processed_block_index: transaction index inside the processed block.

Important: ACK latency is only the relay/provider response path. It does not prove leader admission or transaction landing. Product claims should use deshred or processed observations matched by signature.

Performance Dimensions

This report currently has one selected provider/route, so a normalized 0-100 provider score would be misleading. For multi-provider or route-isolated runs, RPCEdge should score the same core buckets used by serious landing benchmarks: landing latency in milliseconds, landed slot offset, block position, same-slot landing rate, and overall success ratio. Tail latency should be weighted more heavily than averages because HFT users care about the bad windows.

dimension	current_run	why_it_matters
landing_latency_ms	deshred p90 374.9ms	Earliest local stream evidence that the transaction entered a block.
processed_latency_ms	processed p90 375.4ms	Transaction metadata path most customers can consume directly.
landed_slot_delta	p50 1, p90 2	Shows whether a send lands in the intended near-term leader window.
processed_block_index	p50 505, p90 978	Earlier block position is better for queue priority and contention.
success_ratio	96.32%	Measures actual observed landing, not provider acceptance.

Latency Percentiles

metric	n	p50_ms	p75_ms	p90_ms	p95_ms	p99_ms	max_ms
client_ack	2202	0.310	0.372	0.478	0.576	0.793	1.621
best_route_ack	2202	0.010	0.012	0.017	0.020	0.031	0.108
submit_to_deshred	2121	104.042	198.802	374.927	510.628	837.784	45412.363
submit_to_processed	2121	105.721	200.319	375.373	511.225	838.879	45417.117
abs_deshred_processed_delta	2121	1.040	1.524	2.251	2.751	4.480	220.033

Route Summary

route	provider	attempts	accepted	errors	p50_ms	p90_ms	p99_ms	max_ms
yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt	yellowstone-tpu	2202	2202	0	0.010	0.017	0.031	0.108

Observation Summary

source	submitted	observed	observation_ratio	p50_ms	p90_ms	p99_ms	max_ms
deshred	2202	2121	0.963215	104.042	374.927	837.784	45412.363
processed	2202	2121	0.963215	105.721	375.373	838.879	45417.117
abs_deshred_processed_delta	2202	2121	0.963215	1.040	2.251	4.480	220.033

Leader Cohorts

Cohorts are leader-metadata enrichment joined by landed slot and leader identity. Small sample counts should be read as directional only.

Region Summary

leader_region	submitted	observed	observation_ratio	active_stake_sol	deshred_p50_ms	deshred_p90_ms	deshred_p99_ms
Europe	1311	1260	0.961098	244787528.708	70.183	260.094	1022.174
AsiaPacific	271	248	0.915129	42759584.014	264.786	650.050	787.764
Unknown	240	238	0.991667	41302947.159	108.861	198.827	614.044
UsEast	194	191	0.984536	33257870.515	159.287	360.433	782.094
UsCentral	140	138	0.985714	23667503.58	111.337	178.493	413.216
UsWest	46	46	1.0	9856189.934	167.232	442.798	467.067

City Summary

leader_city	submitted	observed	observation_ratio	active_stake_sol	deshred_p50_ms	deshred_p90_ms	deshred_p99_ms
Amsterdam	486	478	0.983539	85731747.059	60.900	246.989	2335.528
Frankfurt am Main	375	366	0.976	76599295.614	63.358	239.227	1011.362
Tokyo	110	97	0.881818	20146002.064	248.018	669.492	783.426
America/Chicago	94	93	0.989362	16490444.633	87.483	140.927	1545.872
Beauharnois	91	90	0.989011	17177202.51	117.861	140.432	553.479
London	91	91	1.0	18139857.532	258.574	347.463	393.817
Vilnius	86	81	0.94186	17369438.623	79.411	136.729	150.768
Singapore	82	77	0.939024	11964439.614	355.451	500.139	2218.008
Ashburn	71	70	0.985915	12687157.758	141.185	325.976	366.205
City of London	63	63	1.0	11119058.355	95.176	130.407	158.229
Stockholm	49	48	0.979592	7204689.723	38.803	61.630	91.877
Fechenheim	44	37	0.840909	6365703.731	76.295	118.889	315.141
Chicago	40	39	0.975	6303777.36	137.692	300.676	412.161
Dublin	37	37	1.0	7107086.667	93.929	135.286	168.996
Newark	35	35	1.0	6981326.868	170.616	264.387	834.452
Asia/Singapore	32	28	0.875	5067482.0	470.726	508.466	3468.018
Luxembourg	25	25	1.0	6680096.123	225.232	307.572	396.558
New York	24	23	0.958333	4637333.59	109.322	410.915	733.174
Rüsselsheim am Main	24	6	0.25	3635229.256	113.631	38951.338	44766.261
Boardman	23	23	1.0	5658980.225	163.477	188.374	387.861
Los Angeles	23	23	1.0	4197209.709	190.116	449.988	473.794
Asia/Tokyo	18	18	1.0	1985826.952	243.150	695.464	730.755
Rödelheim	17	16	0.941176	3131417.222	51.867	102.307	324.114
Berlin	15	15	1.0	1222596.188	53.393	81.823	90.782
Sterling	13	13	1.0	3258698.773	172.538	352.908	401.898

Radius Summary

leader_radius_bucket	submitted	observed	observation_ratio	deshred_p50_ms	deshred_p90_ms	deshred_p99_ms
global	969	933	0.962848	147.626	482.885	734.783
within_500km	586	577	0.984642	60.320	245.201	1443.804
same_datacenter	188	180	0.957447	79.303	256.247	617.024
same_city	187	186	0.994652	49.875	236.944	1135.368
within_1000km	171	171	1.0	111.922	335.197	372.173
within_25km	96	69	0.71875	77.011	121.156	36625.370
unknown	5	5	1.0	57.266	144.621	183.953

Client Family Summary

leader_client_family	submitted	observed	observation_ratio	active_stake_sol	deshred_p50_ms	deshred_p90_ms	deshred_p99_ms
bam	748	726	0.970588	120336482.513	89.963	466.850	729.919
harmonic	495	447	0.90303	97032069.406	109.457	497.248	9983.683
jito	475	468	0.985263	85203015.521	71.122	337.028	613.942
rakurai	203	203	1.0	38272240.184	117.175	349.174	780.038
frankendancer	165	164	0.993939	33638956.986	157.707	335.771	396.006
firedancer	67	67	1.0	10900001.554	41.030	103.095	120.391
agave	47	46	0.978723	10017406.407	162.034	261.717	368.810
unknown	2	0	0.0	231451.34

Leader Detail And Tails

Top Leaders By Sample Count

leader_identity	leader_city	leader_client_family	submitted	observed	observation_ratio	deshred_p50_ms	deshred_p90_ms	deshred_p99_ms
Fd7btgySsrjuo25CJCj7oE7VPMyezDhnx7pZkj2v69Nk	Beauharnois	rakurai	84	84	1.0	117.809	135.683	146.134
DRpbCBMxVnDK7maPM5tGv6MvB3v1sRMC86PZ8okm21hy	Ashburn	bam	69	68	0.985507	141.185	327.119	366.412
JUPiTERrZqgf1jUyR7dSkhMx4Kn2qJyekWsg3LT1h4b	Amsterdam	harmonic	63	63	1.0	29.897	48.699	73.029
HEL1USMZKAL2odpNBj2oCjffnFGaYwmbGmyewGv1e2TU	Frankfurt am Main	jito	61	61	1.0	48.077	84.555	105.013
E1r4Psq84tHfQ6aPTvvDka4U3u8zPVD7gEUrH25RdxHL	America/Chicago	jito	46	46	1.0	57.262	93.029	115.657
q9XWcZ7T1wP4bW9SB4XgNNwjnFEJ982nE8aVbbNuwot	Frankfurt am Main	rakurai	44	44	1.0	141.656	348.600	840.666
9jxgosAfHgHzwnxsHw4RAZYaLVokMbnYtmiZBreynGFP	Amsterdam	firedancer	39	39	1.0	38.691	71.887	104.697
EvnRmnMrd69kFdbLMxWkTn1icZ7DCceRhvmb2SJXqDo4	Frankfurt am Main	frankendancer	37	37	1.0	145.459	202.921	228.308
CAo1dCGYrB6NhHh5xb1cGjUiu86iyCfMTENxgHumSve4	America/Chicago	harmonic	36	35	0.972222	102.988	138.185	10590.540
9eGrDohdNTAo61DRHyfMuqKWXqYnA3i254Wiszxe8FoY	London	frankendancer	32	32	1.0	328.490	355.973	398.601
Awes4Tr6TX8JDzEhCZY2QVNimT6iD1zWHzf1vNyGvpLM	Frankfurt am Main	frankendancer	31	31	1.0	32.561	51.785	55.735
9rkJMARqK6VBkcxGfKBAwnA44gPAfGxPbPsfsggFNDSQ	Frankfurt am Main	jito	25	25	1.0	20.103	38.267	44.131
shftkxnsXmqAkmLgz9Mn7bNB5Fr6mKgFc58kFHfVikj	Rüsselsheim am Main	harmonic	24	6	0.25	113.631	38951.338	44766.261
5EhGYUyQNrxgUbuYF4vbL2SZDT6RMfhq3yjeyevvULeC	Tokyo	bam	23	23	1.0	244.403	680.798	720.734
5Cchr1XGEg7dbBXByV5NY2ad8jfxAM7HA3x8D56rq9Ux	Boardman	agave	23	23	1.0	163.477	188.374	387.861
5pPRHniefFjkiaArbGX3Y8NUysJmQ9tMZg3FrFGwHzSm	Luxembourg	jito	21	21	1.0	220.259	347.020	398.647
FBKFWadXZJahGtFitAsBvbqh5968gLY7dMBBJUoUjeNi	Dublin	harmonic	21	21	1.0	113.411	149.314	169.535
CG4tRANBKrzUmpv93V5sgftjQznBdiJsc2yPCzZWWuS9	Amsterdam	jito	20	20	1.0	238.033	258.639	261.177
A1vqhA2fS6K7CvHsJKX1ACcHJFEmyRg4KuR5pctHANy4	Amsterdam	harmonic	20	19	0.95	99.049	114.584	35145.310
BtsmiEEvnSuUnKxqXj2PZRYpPJAc7C34mGz8gtJ1DAaH	Frankfurt am Main	harmonic	20	18	0.9	90.820	120.252	18412.689
CoG8d9Fp2TFJRkAmrPMiPsGhQWHzdTTVoegEp9svRgmJ	Singapore	jito	20	20	1.0	354.813	376.295	405.618
FNKgX9dYUhYQFRTM9bkeKoRpsyEtZGNMxbdQLDzfqB8a	Amsterdam	harmonic	20	17	0.85	104.027	141.967	2510.164
9UM8wQ8F5oMiRcP5YdqD6Lr4krpBWCD8LtgQYoisJd9i	City of London	harmonic	19	19	1.0	112.148	140.957	158.789
3SkE34PVeGck2ArEffFKjihrQgURsvnoTAhitsNXNzXd	Stockholm	jito	19	19	1.0	34.605	51.124	55.307
5ZqveVffQPiUbkjBg4KD9kib1MKHLqiFno4ke9jSq9qk	Frankfurt am Main	harmonic	19	14	0.736842	94.850	113.520	116.862
DWvDTSh3qfn88UoQTEKRV2JnLt5jtJAVoiCo3ivtMwXP	Amsterdam	jito	19	19	1.0	245.044	260.591	4884.550
Hz5aLvpKScNWoe9YZWxBLrQA3qzHJivBGtfciMekk8m5	City of London	harmonic	18	18	1.0	92.135	114.816	125.576
JD549HsbJHeEKKUrKgg4Fj2iyv2RGjsV7NTZjZUrHybB	London	frankendancer	18	18	1.0	310.524	346.186	358.420
GSTampk6BJRKSDkzhaMM49R7qRx98MTPYYWvKbp83XKc	Amsterdam	bam	17	17	1.0	57.249	83.610	364.618
J6etcxDdYjPHrtyvDXrbCkx3q9W1UjMj1vy1jBFPJEbK	Newark	harmonic	17	17	1.0	180.514	217.816	226.228

Worst Deshred Tails

request_id	signature	deshred_latency_ms	processed_latency_ms	leader_city	leader_client_family	accepted_routes
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-1475	dAombKUaudMtjTmNJNhjtWxBjrzUtK42t7AGdba6ntJfzm32JnbxDVjCH6i85aCmfm8eXzeo3vdghxRsZw4wwgx	45412.363	45417.117	Rüsselsheim am Main	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-901	3Uoff5GuURTRzGw6P7xGgCdihnAuE1q1XPyMVqKN6yPp81AcH7zvJaWx8LpVtoAppCW1QT5zdze6Pk7QfZSgQF7F	42834.698	42835.454	Amsterdam	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-1036	3KZWtManbi2C7CREpSgXmDKzXzihFWNrGZhGgaTv2XLfkWueZbzUPFSixf6JTvmVFFb2Jpe5DB93ToVFstMnBqam	32490.314	32490.780	Rüsselsheim am Main	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-379	3nstkFv1v4QTdiLw791VU9PUakfKYZ27TjxexnNBz9D4CHSv2zJB9WNoBgq7RipYGDRUmVKPCroKQsXgWpzhBkze	22157.279	22157.652	Frankfurt am Main	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-1330	7SG3PeFR8kV3iXw6ZAGmVKUN3Udp7E56TXfJabqhurzsFghGMjfMjnqbaqZkV66KZdLcF1oJ5FJ2fHAcSsGoB7d	15969.084	15973.445	America/Chicago	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-1665	5gJfgCHSuQU7BaYzcahJtEoSSmTi1PufJc5gHjJPJMUPpcWP5E9sMW2zfGYZpqy1wwkyXpzXcNFWCoDywcJUHo17	7618.838	7619.506	Singapore	bam	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-258	V7k1PPfrZvyFNj7PS1QfYc6DbDb6gAtp8ExxeQ5T13Nf7wCUnFaB2hAkkSo8pPCeoK76NFmzoLLwnf3bYVkynP3	5898.860	5902.559	Amsterdam	jito	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-929	3msBgVSERfQ7u5Lh6xExHYQ3Gi29KYA7qZA72HReu54dEZxUv7oGWyMU4kKE8LnaaZHkSnpeHVSLDCheWSk8snbd	4551.571	4552.060	Asia/Singapore	bam	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-1955	4gtiESn6Nm2wjnbbRV5CyEYxXGEBNbaXtujAYM4fW57Wi9cW7micPRmnhGBYNC5hAoBsJZBmsbqo5Ex1UDtQRL8r	2957.343	2958.482	Amsterdam	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-1660	5easP1vumM4Jzhm3RvcZX1FfeGLtZqWd5LDWyurtM45dvN2bFh7pPiayPdecp4vp1H5fTMuZSdRq7JxXEJU6QbHK	2419.120	2420.080	Amsterdam	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-1529	64gvLo5ghXRkidS96g7nkADqHEK9JhVaJWVkf2nZwYUxhm45Di2GZHYAAbU1ugVgG21MY1cjkcajnjaxtz5VfmSz	2411.904	2414.376	Amsterdam	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-614	3Sh5JBuzGAyY3JMEabYn8q4qAonFqKkAZ4UsYPQVm9a5kXYm3xBqUUzgfV3NARkDnk3Jx4iHxhAbw9Uyn5XRnHP7	2312.714	2313.699	Amsterdam	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-2150	Lxq4LtYEasqUp8h7piiGbDdpmhL7DPtgApD6UMQ3kb1v2KKc5kqdH31smtbBrDtqWESAZxjUYWJkb73h6xvaaBF	1213.423	1214.438	Frankfurt am Main	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-1965	2dpdwJvt2TEJQjENokHbVmGdsN31CRxFSxn4z52qUJWrmgD6qBhjkkLf1G54CRLJ1vTgKoLdvtspEoHYZcfurcb1	1174.310	1174.932	Frankfurt am Main	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-246	2etcYGHMuLKHDSFxgdvtcHu5UqruVqXDnQDnCHX2eMpXahoeJsgAmAZnHTptbE1fxc1XjUFzKCH74SfSxHBtMbmx	1169.412	1170.712	Amsterdam	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-152	RAiBWNnyUsm7VetvCgDZn6iyHWRb5SFx3bFEZLXdTvEJTbQNenvoQ3w7AevAUzUd94ak8njSfCg7w812M8AiU7B	1128.496	1129.853	Frankfurt am Main	rakurai	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-617	339iJjzk3rQ2NDuZSs9NzygMY7EdMaHqYdrKYsGfAj7y74HMjcGUU9quqi2U12Ps4admxHsFuwSyRpRVGkeqr66j	1103.247	1103.885	Newark	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-894	yQtQFhqhjeJuLXMkTDbuiSGhzitkUvuEduUR571brKqYCvJk5PjdhrqXXrhd9LS7U9sd6iYURgti7FYNCP972Bj	948.290	949.734	Frankfurt am Main	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-348	epEeTxFE6x4zBMaRENdLaftFLmRD8yChik15ELvUq4EcqNNCF5PmcA3EVTyUKYkYvcMyqW2NQGB39hQvaCkjQgP	924.945	927.847	Frankfurt am Main	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt
quic-zero-1h-20260630T091402Z-rpcedge-quic-frankfurt-2110	554ZAU7UL6rY9ne2xEF3pMhBeYqxyWWJc4fm6dDjtL3Fxj4vd1FRz8NdYNsbs6VwbKMHBWJfzFzS2vYu4fSRKsv9	903.235	904.825	Frankfurt am Main	harmonic	yellowstone-tpu-frankfurt